Cyprus

Small national-conservative parties have long cycled through parliament without much impact. More durable has been the National Popular Front (ELAM), founded in 2008 with close early ties to Greece's neo-Nazi Golden Dawn — it was originally billed as a Cypriot branch, and only cut financial ties in 2020. ELAM opposes any federal solution for Cyprus, favouring union with Greece instead, is highly socially conservative, somewhat left-leaning economically, and has built its support chiefly on opposition to migration, including a proposed ban on Muslim headscarves. It scored a record 6.8 percent in the 2021 national election and won its first MEP seat in 2024 with 11 percent. In 2026 it won 10.9% and became the third-largest party in parliament.

ELAM's democratic legitimacy remains in question: members have been tied to violence against immigrants and students, and leading representatives have occasionally suggested violence may be justified in defence of the nation. Its current strategy is widely seen as an attempt to moderate its rhetoric while keeping its anti-establishment posture — mainstream politicians have shown greater willingness to engage with it, particularly since the 2023 presidential election.